You've probably wondered about the differences between CSR, SSR, SSG, and ISR, and when to use each one. As a frontend developer, I found myself in this situation when I truly understood what SSR was. For me, everything was being done only on the client side. Obviously, there are other ways to approach this.
These 4 types represent different ways HTML is generated
and how frequently it gets updated.
Client-Side Rendering
The application is rendered entirely on the client side. On the first load, the server only returns minimal HTML containing a JS bundle, which is later executed to render the UI.
Benefits
- Fast internal navigation after initial load
- Rich interactivity and dynamic user experiences
- Reduced server load
- Great for SPAs and dashboards
Disadvantages
- Slow initial loading until JS bundle execution
- Poor SEO - crawlers wait for hydration
- Large JavaScript bundles
- Requires JavaScript enabled
Trade-off
Slow initial load + Poor SEO vs Fast internal navigation
Server-Side Rendering
The server generates the complete HTML for the page on each request and sends it to the browser. Hydration is fast and SEO is excellent.
Benefits
- SEO-friendly - Complete HTML available immediately
- Dynamic data - Fresh data on every request
- Fast initial render - No waiting for JavaScript
- Works without JavaScript enabled
Disadvantages
- Higher server load and complexity
- Complex caching strategies needed
- Slower navigation between pages
- More expensive hosting requirements
Trade-off
SEO-friendly + Dynamic data vs Server load + Complex caching
Static Site Generation
Content is generated at build time. It's perfect for pages that are necessarily static and don't change frequently.
Benefits
- Excellent SEO - Pre-generated HTML
- Fast loading - Served from CDN
- Low server cost - No server processing needed
- High security - No dynamic server code
Disadvantages
- Static content only (updates require rebuild)
- Long build times for large sites
- Not suitable for user-specific content
- Content can become stale quickly
Trade-off
SEO-friendly + Fast loading vs Static content (updates only on rebuild)
Incremental Static Regeneration
Static pages that can be updated on-demand, allowing you to update specific parts without rebuilding the entire application.
Benefits
- Best of both worlds (Static + Dynamic)
- Selective updates without full rebuilds
- Great performance with fresh content
- Cost-effective scaling
Disadvantages
- Added complexity in implementation
- Potential stale data until regeneration
- Cache invalidation challenges
- Framework-specific features
Trade-off
Best of both worlds (Static + Dynamic) vs Complexity + Potential stale data
Implementation Examples
ISR Implementation Methods
There are two main approaches to implement ISR:
1. Using Server Actions
You can add a revalidatePath
and indicate that the cache for that information needs to be revalidated.
// Example: Server Action for on-demand revalidation
import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache";
export async function updatePostAction() {
// Update your data source
await updatePost();
// Revalidate the specific path
revalidatePath("/blog/[slug]");
}
2. Time-Based Revalidation
Use revalidate
with time intervals. This approach causes background regeneration, and users may see stale data until the update completes.
// Example: Time-based revalidation
// pages/blog/[slug].js or app/blog/[slug]/page.js
export const revalidate = 3600; // Revalidate every hour
export async function generateStaticParams() {
return posts.map((post) => ({
slug: post.slug,
}));
}
Rendering type | Best for | Avoid when |
---|---|---|
CSR | Interactive dashboards, SPAs, admin panels | SEO-critical pages, content sites |
SSR | E-commerce, news sites, user-specific content | High-traffic static content, simple blogs |
SSG | Blogs, documentation, landing pages, marketing sites | Frequently changing content, user dashboards |
ISR | Product catalogs, content sites, hybrid applications | Real-time applications, simple static sites |
Conclusion
Each rendering strategy has its place in modern web development. The key is understanding your content's nature, performance requirements, and SEO needs to make the right choice for each page or section of your application.
Remember: You don't have to choose just one!
Modern frameworks like Next.js allow you to mix different rendering strategies within the same application, using the best approach for each specific page or component.